![]() The described postmating switch is mediated by SPR-expressing cells, specifically a subpopulation in the fly uterus called SP-sensing neurons (SPSNs) ( 12, 14). Once transferred to females, the SP acts via the SP receptor (SPR), a G protein–coupled receptor that is coupled to the inhibitory subunit α i and/or α o ( 15). While the sensory pathway of SP signaling in Drosophila females has been intensively studied ( 12, 13), a full picture of how higher-order neurons in the brain coordinate the sensory integration of the postmating response is still pending ( 13, 14). All these changes are mediated by a sperm-bound peptide, the sex peptide (SP), which is transferred into the female’s reproductive tract during mating ( 9, 12). However, the mechanisms underlying these behaviors remain to be shown.Īfter copulation, females of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster undergo a variety of behavioral changes ( 3), including the rejection of subsequent mating partners ( 8), an increase in egg production and oviposition ( 9), and changes in sleep and activity patterns ( 10) as well as dietary preferences ( 11). These promoted behaviors could include spatial orientation and the ability to remember the location of food and water sources, as well as a decrease in risk-taking behavior ( 5, 7). On the other hand, it has been proposed that the physiological and morphological adaptations of the brain during pregnancy and early motherhood lead to a selective decline in brain functions, while those adaptations serving maternal and fetal survival are promoted ( 1, 5, 6). Because fetus development demands high energy resources, costly brain functions in women could be sacrificed to realize a trade-off in energy supply between the mother and fetus during pregnancy ( 1). One long-debated hypothesis states that women face a decline in cognitive functions such as memory and attention during pregnancy ( 4). Nevertheless, the impact of mating on cognitive functions remains poorly studied. More generally, reproduction in all animals, including insects, is associated with the energetic costs of fetus or egg development and behavioral changes that serve the survival of the offspring ( 2, 3). (Since you cannot order the Horse & Sleigh Bundle – stamp set & dies – or the One Horse Open Sleigh DSP until July 6 – unless you’re a Stampin’ Up!® demonstrator, I don’t have a supply list for you today.Pregnancy and the postpartum period in mammalian females are associated with noticeable physiological and behavioral adaptations, along with fundamental changes in the hormonal regulation of brain functions ( 1). Have a lovely day! Look for all the new Online Exclusive releases on my web site on July 6. Thanks for stopping by Stamping with Buffy. I won’t be making 50 of these, but I will send at least this one to family (probably my mom!). This card took a little more paper and time than my typical Christmas cards. I colored the tree with Shaded Spruce and Crumb Cake Stampin’ Blends, then stamped the sentiment in Misty Moonlight Ink. I stamped the scrub brush in Crumb Cake Ink on a piece of Basic White Cardstock, and the tree in Early Espresso. Here’s the final piece – the “inside” of the card. I always want to call this bundle “Coach & Horses!”) (We used to have an amazing Tea Shop in Winchester called Coach & Horses. I stamped the horse & sleigh in Tuxedo Black Memento Ink, colored with Stampin’ Blends, then die-cut with the Horse & Sleigh Dies and added it over the DSP with Stampin’ Dimensionals. Like the front, I added the DSP to a piece of Misty Moonlight Cardstock, then to the Boho Blue Cardstock. I used another piece of the One Horse Open Sleigh DSP. When you open the card, this is the next piece of the card. I colored the white piece with an Early Espresso Stampin’ Blend, then added them all to the tag. I cut a few pieces of white and Very Vanilla twine from the Baker’s Twine Essentials Pack. This DSP has so many possibilities – and it’s gorgeous! I stamped the sentiment from the Horse & Sleigh Stamp Set on Basic White Cardstock using Misty Moonlight Ink, then die-cut with the Tailored Tags Dies. I adhered this to the card base, lining up the score with the edge of the card.įor the front, I used a piece of the Online Exclusive One Horse Open Sleigh 6″ x 6″ Designer Series Paper (DSP) layered to a 4″ x 5-1/4″ piece of Misty Moonlight Cardstock. To add the third panel, I cut one more piece of Boho Blue Cardstock (4-1/4″ x 5-3/4″, scored at 1/2″) then trimmed about 1-8″ off the long end. I cut a 4-1/4″ x 11″ piece of Boho Blue Cardstock and scored it at 5-1/2″. Even demonstrators don’t know all that will be offered, but here’s a sneak peek of what we do know! Stampin’ Up!® has a new group of Online Exclusive Products coming July 6. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |